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Structure & Transformations

Lattices, symmetry,
and how structure changes.

Unit cells, symmetry, projections and reciprocal space, then the thermodynamics and kinetics that move a material from one structure to another.

Structure & Transformations
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New to Structure? Read these first.

StoryTwo Bars, One Melt

A one-minute scrolling story: two bars from one melt, one heat treatment apart, and why one cracked. Grain boundaries,…

LabLattices & Point Groups

An interactive, fully rotatable 3D lab on basic crystallography: the 14 Bravais lattices with primitive-vs-conventional…

All topics

Lattices & symmetry2 pages
LabLattices & Point GroupsAn interactive, fully rotatable 3D lab on basic crystallography: the 14 Bravais lattices with…Foundation · 15 minLabSpace GroupsAn interactive 3D lab on space groups: explore Wyckoff positions, screw axes, and glide planes in four real…Foundation · 15 min
Planes, directions & reciprocal space1 page
LabStereographic ProjectionsAn interactive 3D lab on stereographic projection: watch the sphere-to-plane construction happen live,…Foundation · 15 min
Interfaces & orientation relationships1 page
LabInterfaces & the Coincidence Site LatticeInteractive crystallography lab: misfit and tilt boundaries, coincidence site lattice (CSL) theory generated…Advanced · 15 min
Thermodynamics & phase diagrams1 page
LabRegular Solution & Scheil-Gulliver LabInteractive binary phase diagram and tie-line lab from a regular-solution model (click for the lever rule, no…Foundation · 15 min
Kinetics & transformations3 pages
LabSpinodal, Nucleation & Coarsening LabInteractive lab on spinodal decomposition vs. nucleation-and-growth, classical nucleation theory with a…Advanced · 15 minLabBragg-Williams Order-Disorder LabInteractive Bragg-Williams model of order-disorder transformations: the long-range order parameter S(T) from…Advanced · 15 minLabKinetics for Real Alloys LabInteractive TTT and CCT diagrams built from a real nucleation-barrier times Arrhenius-mobility C-curve, plus…Advanced · 15 min

Other chapters: TEM · EBSD · APT · Contact Mechanics · In-situ Testing.